Demarcation of the International Boundary of India with the De Jure Government-in-Exile of the Republic of East Turkistan

It is imperative in the light of the despicable and opportunistic blatantly illegal and null and void so-called border agreement entered by the Rogue Chinese State  which illegally and militarily occupies the  sovereign states of the Republic of East Turkistan and Tibet for the Government of the Republic of India to convene a meeting of the authorized representatives of the De Jure Government in- Exile of the Sovereign State of East Turkistan and hold deliberations and demarcate the International Boundary of India with the Republic of East Turkistan, our historic neighbour. The Prime Minister of Occupied East Turkistan, Salih Hudayar has also reiterated that Aksai Chin 36°40'41"N 78°26'34"E in Ladakh and the Cis-Kuen Tract in northern Kashmir are an integral and inalienable part India. India as a self-respecting and sovereign 

Nation which is not subservient and servile to any ought to have done it then and there on  2nd march 1963 itself when the Rogue Regime in China signed the treacherous and deceitful opportunistic illegal so-called border agreement with the Pakistanis pertaining to territory which is a part of India.

It is reprehensible that the conduct of the Republic of  India has been servile and one of subservience and the Government of India has so far not taken any action which would be deemed to anger the Rogue Chinese Regime in unlawful military occupation of Tibet and East Turkistan. The Government of India had initially issued visa to the East Turkistan leader -in -Exile Shri Dolkun Isa  but had in a shameful act of subservience and servility canceled the Visa originally issued to him and refused him permission of entry into the territory of India. 

The East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM) has vide Twitter in response to a tweet responded in a private message on behalf of the De Jure Government of East Turkistan -in-Exile elucidated and issued clarification as follows:-

"We just want to clarify that Mr. Dolkun Isa is NOT affiliated with the East Turkistan Government in Exile or the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. As far as our position on Eastern Ladakh (Aksai Chin), we adhere to the positions held by The State of East Turkistan/Kashgaria (1865-1884) and the former East Turkistan Republics (1933-1934 & 1944-1949) which is that they respect India's sovereignty & territorial integrity and doesn't claim Eastern Ladakh as part of East Turkistan's territory as per the 1865 Johnson Line. An independent East Turkistan wouldn't have any border problems or any other issues with our ancient neighbor India".

Besides The East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM) has vide Twitter in response to a tweet by this author herein responded on behalf of the De Jure Government of East Turkistan -in-Exile as follows:-

"Dolkun Isa isn't affiliated with the @ETExileGov and @ETAwakening. The position of  the 

@ETAwakening &  @ETExileGov  on  Eastern Ladakh (Aksai Chin) is that it is a part of India since 1865 per the Johnson Line. We respect India's sovereignty & territorial integrity".

The Draft text of the proposed agreement to be inevitably signed is as follows:-

The Government of the Republic of India  and the  Government-In-Exile of  The Sovereign Republic of

Opening of the ETGE's 8th General Assembly
 in Washington, DC on November 10, 2019

East Turkistan presently under the illegal military occupation by the Rogue Regime in China; having agreed, with a view to ensure the  peace and tranquillity on their respective border after the inevitable impending independence of East Turkistan, to formally delimit and demarcate the boundary between  the Trans -Kuen Lun sovereign Republic  of Turkistan with India on the Kuen Lun Range  in a spirit of fairness, reasonableness, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, and on the Internationally recognised principle of Watershed as the legitimate basis for the demarcation of the International Boundaries. Being convinced that this would not only give full expression to the desire of the peoples of East Turkistan  and India for the development of good neighbourly and friendly relations, but also help safeguard Asian, particularly Central Asian and South Asian and world peace.

Have resolved for this purpose to conclude the present agreement and have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries the following.

For the Government of the Republic of India,  Minister of Foreign Affairs.

For the De Jure Government of the Republic of East Turkistan, Minister of External Affairs.

Who, having mutually examined their full powers and found them to be in good and due form have agreed upon the following:-

Article 1.  In view of the fact that the historical  boundary between the Trans Kuen Lun state of East Turkistan  and the contiguous areas in the adjoining  Highlands of Kashmir comprising the areas of former principalities of Ladakh or Maryul and Kanjut adjoining the Trans Kuen Lun State of East Turkistan on the Kuen Lun Range Border  has never been formally delimited, two parties agree to delimit it on the basis of the traditional customary boundary line including features and in a spirit of equality, mutual benefit and friendly cooperation.

Article 2.  In accordance with the principle expounded in Article 1 of the present agreement, the two parties have fixed as follows the alignment of the entire boundary line between The composite Cis- Kuen Lun State of Kashmir comprising the Highlands  of Kashmir from the edges of the Highlands of Kashmir on the Kuen Lun Range to the area of Kathua in Jammu which legally acceded to the Union of India  and the Trans-Kuen Lun State of East Turkistan. The Republic of East Turkistan endorses and acknowledges the fact that the province of Kashmir is geographically a highlands province and hence

has two types of mountain Ranges which comprise part of the province. One the Main or Internal Mountain Range which is insofar as Kashmir is concerned is the Karakoram Mountain Range and the second, the Mountain Range at the edge of the Highlands of Kashmir which is insofar as Kashmir is concerned is the Kuen Lun Range and the historical  Inter-national Boundary between India and East Turkistan has always historically  been on the Mountain Range on the Edge of the Highlands of Kashmir viz. The Kuen Lun Range thus similar to the manner that The International Boundary of India with Tibet east of the Mayum-La is not on the Nyenchen Thanglha Range which is the Internal or Main Mountain Range in the Plateau of Tibet which forms the watershed of the Brahma Putra river in India  vis-à-vis  the Mountain Range on the edge of the Plateau of Tibet viz. the Great Himalaya Range which east of Mayum-La Marnyak-La forms the Boundary of India with Tibet..  

1. Commencing from its north-western extremity in  the area of Dafdar in the Taghdumbash Pamir, the northernmost part of the Republic of India, the boundary line runs from the northwest of Dafdar on

the line of water parting of the Kuen Lun Range separating  the Tashkurghan River from  the Mariong River and continues on the point of water Parting on the Kuen Lun Range via Zangar, Chang, Sargon, Mamkol and  Yashrab Passes and then crosses the  Raskam River and continues on the line of the water parting separating the Raskam River system including  the tributaries of the Raskam River inside the highlands of Kashmir viz. inter alia  the Kukalang and Kulanaldi Rivers  of the Raskam River System inside Kashmir which flows in Kashmir and enters East Turkistan in the area of Sanglash from  inter alia  the Ishakbulak, Tizuaf, Pokhpu, Dona Ustang, Achik, Tiznaf, Kokyar or Kilian Rivers  which have its source on the Kuen Lun Range and flows north into the Takla Makan  desert in the Tarim Basin in East Turkistan

2 The International Boundary will continue on the line of the water parting of the Kuen Lun Range and

pass through the Mountain Passes on the Kuen Lun Range separating India from East Turkistan like inter alia the Kukalang Pass, the Chirag Saldi Pass, the Yangi Pass, the Kilian Pass and the Sanju-La  Pass. 

3 From the aforesaid point of the Sanju-La Pass, the Inter-national boundary line runs from the Sanju-La Pass and crosses the Kara Kash River at a point east of Ali Nazar in Ladakh  and runs on the Hindu-tash Ridge which is a spur of the Kuen Lun Range to the historic  Hindu-tash Davan Pass in Ladakh and thence continues eastward on the Kuen Lun Range on the line (point ) of the water parting separating the Qara Qash and the Yarung Kash  from the rivers flowing north from the Kuen Lun Range like inter alia the Sanju, Pusha, Kashka Oghil, Genju, Nura, Karasu and Pisha Rivers.  

5 Thence, the boundary line continues and culminates at Pulu where the Kuen Lun Range in Kashmir and the Altyn Tagh Range on the edge of the Plateau of Tibet converge. Running southwest to northeast, the Altyn Tagh converges with the Kunlun range in Kashmir which runs southeast to northwest forming a "V" shape which converges at Pulu. 

Article 3 . The two parties have agreed that:

i) The boundary follows the Kuen Lun Range, the  water-parting line  of the Kuen Lun Range dividing the rivers systems flowing into the Raskam, Kara Kash, and the Yurung Kash River Systems  inside Kashmir on one side  from the Rivers flowing north from the Kuen Lun Range to the Tarim Basin in East Turkistan . 

ii) Wherever the boundary passes through a Davan (Pass) the water-parting line thereof shall be the boundary line.

Article 4.  One,  the two parties have agreed to set up, as soon as possible, a joint boundary demarcation commission. Each side will appoint a Chairman, one or more members and a certain number of advisers and technical staff. The joint boundary demarcation commission is charged with the responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the present agreement, to hold concrete discussions on and carry out the following tasks jointly.

1) To conduct necessary surveys of the boundary area on the ground, as stated in Article 2 of the present agreement so as to set up boundary markers at places considered to be appropriate by the two parties and to delineate the boundary line of the jointly prepared accurate maps.

To draft a protocol setting forth in detail the alignment of the entire boundary line and the location of all the boundary markers and prepare and get printed detailed maps, to be attached to the protocol, with the boundary line and the location of the boundary markers shown on them.

2) The aforesaid protocol, upon being signed by representatives of the governments of the two countries, shall become an annex to the present agreement, and the detailed maps shall replace the maps attached to the present agreement.

3) Upon the conclusion of the above-mentioned protocol, the tasks of the joint boundary demarcation commission shall be deemed to have been terminated.

Article 5.  The two parties reiterate that any doubts concerning the boundary which may arise after the delimitation of the boundary line actually existing between the two countries shall be resolved peacefully and amicably by the two parties through friendly consultations.

Article 6.  The two parties have agreed that after the inevitable independence of the sovereign State of East Turkistan, the de Jure Government of the independent and sovereign State of East Turkistan and India, will reiterate and uphold the Preliminary agreement signed by the de Jure Government of the Sovereign Republic of  East Turkistan-in-Exile as stated in Article 2 and ratify and confirm and sign a formal boundary treaty to replace the present preliminary agreement signed by the de jure Government of East Turkistan in Exile. 

Article 7 . The present agreement shall come into force on the date of its signature.

Done in triplicate in Berlin , Washington and Nav Dehli on the second day of August 2021, in the Uighur, Hindi and English languages, all the versions being equally authentic.